Socio-economic relations in the digital society
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY The “SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY” is an international peer-reviewed academic publication, which accepts for publication high-quality original research articles submitted by authors from around the world. This Publication is devoted study problems of transformation and development of the economy, business, management, marketing, demography in the conditions of digitalization of modern ecosystems and improving the security of society at the international, national and regional levels. Learn more Publication frequency 4 times a year Publication languages Ukrainian, English Open Access type Gold Open Access ISSN 2786-5800 (print) 2786-5819 (online) The Publication is indexed in the international scientometric database Index Copernicus, is in the Category B of the professional publications of Ukraine. Submit an article Contribute to the Publication Become a Reviewer Join the review of articles submitted to the Publication. Guidelines for reviewers will help to prepare reviews professionally and qualitatively. Discover more » Submit a paper Share knowledge and enhance your image in the scientific community. Submission Guidelines will help you design the article. Discover more » For Libraries Subscribe to issues of the Publication to enrich your repository and expend library funds with modern economic scientific periodicals. Discover more » Statistics of the Publication Published articles 395 Number of authors 165 Article views 28 451 Rejection rate 41% Average publication time 65 days Geography 13 countries
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BITCOIN IN CENTRAL BANK RESERVES: A NEW DIMENSION OF THE US-CHINA POWER STRUGGLE
The accelerating geopolitical rivalry between major powers has renewed interest in diversifying central bank reserves. Traditionally dominated by the US dollar and gold, global reserve composition is now being reconsidered amid de-dollarization trends and the growing relevance of crypto assets – particularly Bitcoin. This study examines the rationale, risks, and strategic implications of incorporating Bitcoin into sovereign reserve portfolios, with a focus on the financial confrontation between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (China). Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the paper integrates macroeconomic, legal, and geopolitical analysis. It explores the United States’ gradual institutional accommodation of Bitcoin, culminating in the 2025 establishment of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, contrasted with China’s prohibitive stance and promotion of the centralized digital yuan (e-CNY). The study further analyzes the legal instruments, regulatory strategies, and infrastructural controls through which the US exerts influence over crypto markets, including indirect market interventions and custodial frameworks. Findings indicate that, despite high volatility and limited adoption, Bitcoin is increasingly perceived as a strategic hedge by states seeking to reduce dependence on traditional financial hegemony. While its formal inclusion in reserves remains marginal and politically constrained, its symbolic and geopolitical utility is growing – particularly for sanctioned or financially isolated economies. The article concludes that Bitcoin’s role in global finance may expand under specific conditions: market stabilization, regulatory convergence, and persistent geopolitical fragmentation. To support structured evaluation, the paper introduces two novel analytical concepts – the Sovereign Crypto Reserve Readiness Index (SCRRI) and the Bitcoin Reserve Exposure Threshold (BRET), which together provide a framework for assessing both institutional feasibility and risk-adjusted limits for sovereign Bitcoin integration.
Entrepreneurship, business technologies and innovations in in the conditions of digital transformation of socio-economic relations
Copyright (c) 2025 Тетяна Гудіма, Владислав Камишанський https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPEN GOVERNMENT DATA IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN 2022-2024
This article investigates the trends in the development of open government data in European countries between 2022 and 2024, based on the Open Data Maturity Report. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing role of open data in ensuring transparency in public administration and supporting digital transformation. The main objective of the study is to classify European countries according to the dynamics of open government data development and to identify key differences in digital maturity. The study applies the Time Series K-Means clustering method to normalized digital maturity indicators of countries for the period 2022–2024. As a result, three typical trajectories of open data development were identified: countries with an average starting point but dynamic growth; leading states with high and stable openness indicators; and countries with the lowest levels of digital openness and unstable progress. The analysis of average cluster indicators showed that the main differences between groups lie in the impact of open data on socio-economic processes and compliance with technical standards. At the same time, there is a trend toward narrowing the gap between countries in terms of political governance of open data. The study concludes that structural inequalities persist among European countries in the development of open data policies, while common vectors of digital transformation are being confirmed. The findings may be used for comparative analyses of digital policies, improvement of national open data strategies, and assessment of the effectiveness of digital reforms. Promising directions for further research include a deeper analysis of the impact of open data on public governance, economic development, and social trust, as well as interregional comparisons of openness policy implementation.
Behavioral determinants of improving the efficiency and safety of socio-economic processes
Copyright (c) 2025 Ксенія Могильна, Віталія Койбічук, Бхола Кхан https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
VALUE ORIENTATIONS AS FACTORS OF MOTIVATION OF LEGAL ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
In the article, within the framework of administrative and legal discourse, the author examines the content of value orientations as factors of motivation of legal activity in the field of public administration. It is found that the value aspects of motivation of legal activity are determined primarily by the level of understanding of the importance of its parameters which should record the state of lawyers' awareness of the urgent need to form the features of legal behaviour which is determined by the factors which are considered as priorities in meeting the important needs of the individual in the relevant specific historical and social conditions. It is substantiated that the process of formation of legal motivation is a phenomenon which reflects important processes which can motivate a person to act within the framework of involvement of internal reserves of a personal nature, where psychological factors play a priority role, and a person effectively determines his/her organization and activity and contributes to the active satisfaction of personal needs, the issues of formation and realization of values occupy an important place. In analyzing this issue, the author states that values as criteria for evaluating real phenomena give an idea of how the world should be organized and what a person should be like. They define the goals to be pursued by an individual, group or society, the main means of achieving them, the meaning of purposeful activity, and regulate social relations and internally motivate activities in the field of public administration. Furthermore, they are not subject to doubt and are the standard and ideal for people who adhere to them. In this context, it is proved that the essential characteristics of human motivation are determined by a peculiar combination of subjectivities of this process with factors of external influence which are of a social nature, which is manifested in the natural process of combining personal activity with social support and incentives. In addition, the author notes that legal values in the formation of motivation for legal activity are realized as a phenomenon of the spiritual order since they play the role of a regulator exclusively as a manifestation of the subjective side of human activity. That is, it is summarized that values form the main priorities of human activity, inspire to perform actions which can maximally satisfy the needs of human existence, realizing the inner conviction that one's behaviour is right.
Legal and regulatory requirements and its impact on socio-economic development of global digital society
Copyright (c) 2025 Марія Бліхар https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TOOLS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
The agricultural sector requires innovative management approaches to ensure competitiveness and sustainable development amid rising global food demand, resource constraints, and climate change. This paper analyzes the specific features of agricultural innovation management tools, focusing on three categories: digital technologies (such as precision farming systems and other AgriTech applications), financial instruments (including index-based crop insurance and fintech solutions), and organizational innovations (like clustering and modern cooperatives). The overarching goal is to evaluate how these innovations are being applied and their effects on the efficiency and resilience of agricultural production. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining a comprehensive literature review with an analysis of secondary statistical data. Data from international organizations (e.g., FAO, World Bank, USDA) were examined to assess current innovation adoption trends. The results indicate that innovations significantly improve agricultural productivity and resource efficiency. For example, precision farming tools can boost crop yields by around 4–6% and reduce input use (water, fuel, agrochemicals), lowering costs and environmental impacts while enabling producers to "do more with less." Likewise, modern financial instruments and organizational strategies (e.g., index insurance and farmer cooperatives) enhance producers' resilience to climate and market risks. However, the adoption of innovations is uneven: large high-tech enterprises embrace new tools much faster, whereas small farms often lag behind due to limited capital, skills gaps, and inadequate infrastructure—creating a growing innovation divide in the sector. This study provides a novel integrated perspective by systematically comparing technological, financial, and managerial innovations in agriculture, including global trends and specific cases from Ukraine. It synthesizes previously fragmented knowledge, reveals interactions between technological and organizational factors that were overlooked in earlier studies, and addresses how its findings differ from those of prior research. Finally, the paper proposes several recommendations to accelerate digital transformation and innovative development in the agricultural sector.
Mechanisms and technologies of public administration and management in the context of digitalization of ecosystems
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр Кондрат https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
THE SEMANTICS OF INNOVATIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT: ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTIONS, ATTITUDES, AND IMPLEMENTATION MODELS
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of university faculty and students’ perceptions of educational innovations implemented within the context of national education system transformation. It has been established that the perception of innovations is influenced by a broad range of socio-psychological, conceptual-methodological, and systemic factors which together form an unfavourable innovation climate in Ukrainian educational environments. Key barriers to innovation implementation are identified, including systemic instability, resource deficits, managerial disintegration, lack of strategic vision, low awareness among educational participants, insufficient motivational readiness for change, and a dominant instrumental approach to innovations. The article describes the semantic structures of both positive and negative perceptions of innovation, which significantly affect the dynamics of innovation processes. Positive attitudes are shown to be based on perceptions of appropriateness, safety, modernity, transparency, and the democratic nature of innovations, while negative attitudes emerge in conditions of unpredictability, authoritarianism, inadequate resource support, and the perception of innovations as externally imposed. A five-step technological model of innovation implementation is proposed, including awareness-raising, involvement, feedback and adjustment, resistance management, and outcome evaluation. The use of integrated information, psychotechnological, and interventional methods is substantiated as an effective strategy for shaping a positive image of innovations, activating participation in innovation processes, and ensuring their successful realization. The findings are significant for the development of innovation management strategies in educational settings, particularly in terms of fostering motivational readiness for change and enhancing the overall innovative capacity of Ukraine’s educational system.
The modern trends and development of innovative scientific and pedagogical methods in education
information and communication technologiesperception of innovation
Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій Квілінський, Ірина Вахович https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR SUNFLOWER OIL ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
The relevance of the research topic is driven by the need to develop an effective strategy for ensuring the long-term growth of sunflower oil enterprises in Ukraine. The paper analyzes the current state of sunflower oil production. It establishes that, despite wartime challenges, Ukraine remains one of the world leaders in producing and exporting sunflower oil. Sunflower oil enterprises’ macro-, meso-, and internal environments are analyzed and evaluated using expert methods. To assess the macro-environment of domestic enterprises, their components are identified, analyzed, and evaluated, considering their indirect yet significant influence on business performance. It is settled that the political, economic, and technological components exert the greatest influence on sunflower oil enterprises, and the overall evaluation indicates a satisfactory state of the macroenvironment. In studying the meso-environment, key elements are identified that should be considered when formulating development strategies. Competitors and consumers are the most influential components, and the integral assessment of the meso-environment indicates favourable conditions for the development of sunflower oil enterprises. The internal environment analysis is conducted using the case of a private company (PC) “Oliyar”, one of Ukraine’s largest sunflower oil producers. The SWOT analysis method is used to determine internal strengths, external opportunities, and threats. Based on the research findings, a matrix for selecting development strategies for sunflower oil enterprises is constructed, encompassing three types: growth strategies, market position retention strategies, and retrenchment strategies. It is determined that PC “Oliyar” is currently employing a market position retention strategy to maintain its market share, increase sales volumes, and boost profits. Considering possible future events and emerging external trends, there is a likelihood of a shift in the enterprise’s strategic direction. It is emphasized that sunflower oil enterprises must continuously monitor the external environment, systematically analyze business processes, assess performance indicators, and, when necessary, develop new strategies.
matrix of enterprise development strategy
Copyright (c) 2025 Анастасія Вірковська, Оксана Лотиш, Лариса Ляхович, Наталія Костецька https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
COMPREHENSIVE CREDIT RISK ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINIAN BANKS
Credit risk is an integral element of banking activities, the identification and effective management of which is essential in today’s environment. The financial stability of both individual banks and the banking sector as a whole depends on the feasibility and effectiveness of risk management. The purpose of the study is to systematise the approaches approved at the state level to assessing the credit risk of banks, analyse the current state of the loan portfolio of the Ukrainian banking sector, and identify the most promising methods of optimising potential risks to its quality. The study examines the essential features of the bank credit risk as well as the most common methods for its assessment. On the basis of a deep analysis of the Resolution of the National Bank of Ukraine No. 351, a detailed algorithm for calculating the amount of bank credit risk is proposed, and its main principles, which are important for the activities of domestic banks, are described. A statistical study of the quality of the loan portfolio of the banking sector of Ukraine for the time horizon of 2018 – 2024 is carried out and a gradual adaptation of the sector’s entities to the unstable conditions of the operating environment is revealed. The results of the analysis also pointed to a deterioration in the level of credit risk coverage of non-performing customer debt in the period 2022 – 2024, which may have negative consequences for the banking sector’s resilience. Based on the results of the study, the possible methods of optimising credit risk have been proposed, which application will have a significant positive effect on the financial stability of the sector and, as a result, the development of the national economy. A promising area for further research is the study of the possibilities of introducing digital tools for monitoring, controlling and preventing the growth of credit risk in banks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Лариса Гриценко, Людмила Павленко, Ірина Кожушко, Онур Ерісен https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
METHODS OF MANAGING CHANGES IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE DURING THE CRISIS (COVID-19, WAR): STRATEGIES FOR ADAPTATION AND ENSURING CONTINUITY OF LEARNING
The article explores the methods of change management implemented in Ukrainian educational institutions during unprecedented crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale war. The author substantiates the relevance of the studied issues within the framework of both the urgent need to respond quickly to new challenges and threats and to create conditions for lifelong learning by supporting the provision of educational services in conditions of limited access to full-fledged education and taking into account the direct effect of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine. Based on a comprehensive review of the current literature and case studies, the paper analyzes the adaptation strategies that have been used to ensure continuity of learning and build resilience. The key findings highlight the rapid digital transformation, the creation of physical security measures, the integration of broad psychosocial support, as well as the dynamic adaptation of curricula and teaching methods, which will require all stakeholders to rapidly mobilize technical and state-of-the-art educational opportunities. The high importance of international cooperation in supporting the educational landscape is emphasized. Applying established models of change management (ADKAR, Kotter, Levine) to the Ukrainian context, this article emphasizes the unique factors of sustainability, offering practical recommendations for political and educational actors facing complex, protracted crises. In this context, it is necessary to clearly take into account the possibility of psychological and pedagogical support for both higher education students and research and teaching staff (including pedagogical and scientific workers), since crisis challenges lead to constant stress, uncertainty, doubts, and, therefore, “distance relations” provoke non-compliance with the conditions for the provision of educational services. Based on the study, the understanding of crisis management in education has been further developed, emphasizing the interaction of technological, pedagogical and human-centred approaches in ensuring the smooth functioning of educational systems under extreme pressure.
Copyright (c) 2025 В'ячеслав Бліхар, Дмитро Гурковський https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FRAUD HUNTERS AROUND THE WORLD: FIGHTING DECEPTION IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
As financial fraud grows more sophisticated and global in scope, countries have developed diverse mechanisms to detect, investigate, and prosecute fraudulent activities. This article presents a comparative analysis of fraud-hunting institutions in seven countries: the United States, the United Kingdom, China, India, Germany, Nigeria, and Brazil. It explores the structure, powers, and operational strategies of government agencies and private auditors tasked with combating fraud, including the use of artificial intelligence, digital forensics, and inter-agency cooperation. The study draws on landmark investigations – such as the Enron scandal, LIBOR manipulation, the Wirecard collapse, and Brazil’s Operation Car Wash – to highlight differences in institutional responses, transparency, and whistleblower protection. While advanced economies benefit from robust regulatory oversight and legal safeguards, emerging markets face challenges such as limited forensic capacity, political interference, and weaker protections for informants. Despite these differences, there is a global trend toward enhanced technological tools and cross-border enforcement collaboration. The analysis concludes that no single model guarantees success. Instead, effective anti-fraud efforts rely on a combination of legal authority, institutional independence, technological integration, and political will to act decisively against financial misconduct.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ірина Мігус https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMICS: MIND MAP FOR NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND WORLDWIDE SCALES
This study aims to develop a comprehensive analytical framework for investigating energy infrastructure economics across country, regional, and worldwide scales, establishing methodological foundations and empirical evidence necessary for coordinated decision-making in the face of climate change, technological transformation, and geopolitical disruption. The research addresses the inadequacy of traditional single-scale approaches by examining complex interconnections and cascading effects of infrastructure decisions across multiple geographical levels. The investigation develops distinct analytical structures at the country, regional, and worldwide levels. The analysis reveals that energy infrastructure economics operates within complex webs of interconnections across geographical scales, each presenting distinct analytical challenges and methodological requirements. Country-level investigations provide granular precision but are constrained by limited scope in addressing cross-border spillovers. Regional investigations emerge as critical intermediate scales that balance national specificity with broader coordination perspectives, achieving economies of scale through cooperation while facing significant coordination challenges. Worldwide investigations provide essential insights into global trends but operate with high abstraction levels and uncertainty that may limit direct policy applicability. The study identifies significant governance gaps in current cross-scale coordination approaches, particularly in policy harmonization, benefit-sharing mechanisms, and risk management. Traditional single-scale approaches to energy infrastructure economics are insufficient for addressing the multifaceted challenges of energy system transformation. The research establishes that effective energy infrastructure economics must account for complex interconnections between local, regional, and global considerations while addressing unique analytical challenges at each scale. Success in achieving sustainable and secure energy systems requires technological innovation and institutional innovation in analytical approaches, financing mechanisms, and coordination frameworks. The framework provides foundations for integrated approaches to energy infrastructure economics. However, substantial additional work is required to translate conceptual insights into practical decision-making tools for the unprecedented scale and urgency of required infrastructure transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олексій Гавриленко, Артем Артюхов, Олександр Длугопольський https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
PATHWAYS TO ENHANCING THE EFFICIENCY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS IN HEALTHCARE
The article presents an assessment of the operational efficiency of the Sumy Regional Blood Service Center and the Kharkiv Regional Blood Service Center. The analysis was carried out considering key performance indicators of the institutions, encompassing economic, managerial, informational, technological, and social aspects. Based on the results of the efficiency evaluation of these blood service enterprises, a system of measures was developed and proposed to enhance the performance of the analyzed centres. These measures were structured according to the main determinants of functioning: managerial, informational, security-related, and economic, and aligned with modern requirements for business processes in the blood service sector, particularly at the stages of collection, processing, storage, quarantine, and distribution of blood components. The selection and prioritization of the recommended measures were based on consultations with key target audiences, including new and regular donors, healthcare institutions, and blood centre staff, as well as taking into account the components of the marketing mix (product, price, promotion, place, people, processes, physical environment). The development of proposals also incorporated comparative analysis data and the experience of leading countries in the field of blood donation, which made it possible to integrate best international practices into the national context. Special attention was given to identifying stakeholders, including the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Ministry of Energy, the Ministry of Digital Transformation, the Ministry of Education and Science, other government bodies, healthcare institutions, regional enterprises, associations and NGOs, media outlets, advertising and marketing agencies. The proposed measures aim to address current challenges in the blood supply sector, improve population access to safe, high-quality blood components, and enhance overall satisfaction with blood services. Implementation of these initiatives will significantly increase the competitiveness of blood service enterprises in the national healthcare market.
Copyright (c) 2025 Наталія Летуновська, Лілія Хоменко, Євген Чванкін https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF TRANSFER PRICING AND STAGES OF TRANSFER PRICING DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORLD
Today, the use of transfer pricing by transnational corporations is an established world practice that plays a key role in the formation of global tax policy. The use of transfer pricing mechanisms has a complex impact both on the business structures themselves and on the national economies of the countries within which the relevant corporate entities operate. In an effort to optimize their own financial burden, transnational corporations often resort to strategies that, although they contribute to increasing corporate efficiency, can have negative socio-economic consequences for the jurisdictional countries where the corresponding tax revenues should be accumulated. As a result, there is a threat of deepening financial inequality and a decrease in the level of social protection of the population in these states. Generalization of scientific approaches to the definition of the definitions of “transfer price” and “transfer pricing” made it possible to offer the author's vision of the categorical apparatus of the study The use of methods of grouping, analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of data interpretation contributed to the specification of the periods of emergence and development of transfer pricing in world practice. The study substantiates a list of commonly used and specific functions inherent in transfer pricing, as well as a list of goals, the achievement of which should be ensured by transfer pricing. The conclusions and recommendations made in the article will be useful to practitioners in the field of taxation, as well as to the heads of transnational corporations or enterprises engaged in foreign economic activity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Олександр Кузнєцов, Владислав Маслов, Анастасія Самойлікова https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/